Safety Assessment of Transgenic Organisms in the Environment, Volume 8 by OECD

Author:OECD
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Social Issues/Migration/Health/Environment
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Published: 2018-06-22T16:00:00+00:00

Reduced penetration

Reduced penetration (and behavioural resistance by reduced penetration) occurs when insects develop a heritable mechanism(s) that reduces or prevents the entry of a toxin into the insect’s body. Modifications in the cuticle or digestive tract linings that prevent or slow the penetration/absorption of insecticides can be found in some resistant insects. This resistance mechanism is non-specific and can affect the effectiveness of a broad range of insecticides. Reduced uptake of insecticide, often referred to as cuticular resistance, is frequently described as a minor resistance mechanism. Certainly, for pests where the major route of insecticide delivery is via ingestion, this is likely to be the case. However, for dengue control, where insecticides are typically applied spatially or on wall surfaces, uptake of insecticides is primarily through the appendages. An increase in the thickness of the tarsal cuticle, or a reduction in its permeability to lipophilic insecticides, could have a major impact on the bioavailability of an insecticide in vivo.

Reduced cuticle penetration is the least understood resistance mechanism. Though it may have a primary role in resistance (Valles, Dong and Brenner, 2000; Ahmad, Denholm and Bromilow, 2006; Puinean et al., 2010), it more often acts in combination with the other mechanism(s).

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